Some tips for using Springer LNCS style

• Follow the instructions for LNCS authors.
• Use the latest TeXLive system, or maybe Overleaf.
• Include your ORCID identifier using the \orcidID{...} command. In the published version, the ORCID identifier will be replaced by ORCID icon linked to the corresponding entry in the ORCID database. If you want to have the ORCID icon in your draft version, you may add the following lines. (You should probably remove this in the camera-ready version.)

  \usepackage{orcidlink}
  \renewcommand{\orcidID}[1]{\orcidlink{#1}}
  

• When submitting the camera-ready version, pack your working files (.tex file(s), pictures, splncs04.bst, a bibliography (.bib) file) into a ZIP archive. Make minimal ZIP archives when submitting, do not add llncs.cls, the PDF version of the paper or the copyright form. Additionally, you may wish to remove all comments from your TeX files and here is an example how to do it with latexpand in a Linux terminal. (See this page.)

  cp -vp main.tex main-backup.tex
  latexpand --empty-comments main.tex > main-stripped.tex
  sed -i '/^\s*%/d' main-stripped.tex
  cp -vp main-stripped.tex main.tex
  rm -rf main-stripped.tex
  

• Pay a special attention to overfull boxes! Use the option draft when specifying \documentclass to identify such issues.
• Make sure that the figures included in your manuscript look good when printed in black and white.
• Do not change the default font of the document, or use too many variations on fonts.
• Use \documentclass[runningheads, envcountsame, a4paper]{llncs}; some packages modify the paper format to letter if a4 is not specified.
• Do not use a complicated directory structure for your document. Use as few .tex files as possible, a single file is best, name it main.tex, it helps the assembling task.
• In English, the first word and the last word of titles should be capitalized. In addition, all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions should be capitalized. Articles and coordinating conjunctions are not capitalized. Traditionally, prepositions are not capitalized. Use the same conventions for all titles of sections, subsection, etc. If you are not sure, this tool may help.
• LNCS recommends keywords to be added after the abstract using the \keywords{...} command, each keyword must be separated by commas or \and. Do not use \newcommand{\keywords}.
• In \author{...} use \and as separator between authors names.
• Give all the affiliation (the entries in this order, one entry per line), department, university, street address (including country), e-mail. Do not use comma or dot at the end of each affiliation line.
• Inside the \authorrunning{} field of your article, please use only the initial of your first name, followed by a dot. The word “and” between two authors is used without a comma. If there are three or more authors, there is a comma before “and”. If headings with author names are not fitting well in the page, then you should use “et al.” after the first author.
• Use \toctitle and \tocauthor, they are important fields defining your paper in the proceedings “Table Of Contents”.
• Use ~ between first name and name to avoid a break line inside author’s names.
• After \maketitle, \setcounter{footnote}{0} to start footnotes from 1 after \thanks.
• Normally, captions of tables, figures, should end without a dot. If you feel that dots are needed, please be consistent along the whole article. Table captions are above the tables, while figures have captions below.
• Do not use frames around figures, algorithms, other elements of your paper.
• For “Acknowledge” please use \section*{Acknowledgments}.
• Please use BibTeX. LNCS recommends to include the DOI of each reference if possible. Use \_ instead of _ in a DOI number. Or, better, use bibtex-tidy to produce a nicer BibTeX file. Especially, using the Escape special characters option will automatically convert all _ in a DOI number to \_.
• To prevent line breaking in unwanted places, we can use \mbox{...}.
• To break a long inline math formula manually, use \allowbreak between two $s. We can use \usepackage{breqn} to break line in equations.
• Do not use \usepackage[...]{babel}.
• Do not use whatever fancy signs as in mathabx.
• Do not modify \qed. It is recommended to use \begin{proof} <some text> \qed \end{proof}. An alternative way is to directly modify the proof environment as follows.

  \let\doendproof\endproof
  \renewcommand\endproof{~\hfill$\qed$\doendproof}
  

• Do not use a4wide or geometrix.
• Avoid using \vspace, and in any case \vspace with a negative argument. If things are not going as we wish, instead of negative \vspace there should be another solution.
• Do not use \newpage for formatting reasons, trying to fit floating figures or tables.
• Do not \usepackage{hyperref}. If you want to use hyperref, use \usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}.
• Do not \usepackage{caption}.
• Do not use \mainmatter; this is a command only for the whole volume, for papers inside the volume this is rather undesirable.
• Do not use \sloppy; a simple solution for overfull errors could be to rephrase the sentences causing problems; in many cases \usepackage{microtype} helps too.
• Use \email{...} to include author’s email. If you want {author1,author2,...}@... in your manuscript, please use \email{$\{$author1,... $\}$@...}.
• Use \fnmsep (i.e. footnote mark separator) to separate \thanks by \inst.
• Use algorithm2e for listings of algorithms. I often use the options linesnumbered,ruled,noend for the algorithm2e package.
• Use \figurename~\ref{fig:a} instead of Fig.~\ref{fig:a}.
• pdflatex processes a bit better than the sequence latex, dvips, pspdf. Thus, using together

  \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
  \usepackage{epstopdf}
  

  could help to switch from latex to pdflatex.

• \usepackage[hyphens]{url} improves the aspects of hyperlinks in the final document.
• Use

  \makeatletter
  \renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                       {-12\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}%
                       {-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}%
                       {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
  \makeatother
  

  to re-define \paragraph with bold text style instead of italic.

• Use

  \let\claim\relax % undefined 'claim' environment
  \spnewtheorem{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily}
  

  if you want to number the “Claim” environment.

• In case we wish to avoid the warning message Package amsmath Warning: Unable to redefine math accent \vec, use

  \let\accentvec\vec
  \documentclass[runningheads, envcountsame, a4paper]{llncs}
  \let\spvec\vec
  \let\vec\accentvec
  

• For tables giving an Overfull Errors, we can simply correct with \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{\begin{tabular}{|l||c|c|c|c|c|}...\end{tabular}}. Another way is to use the adjustbox package and place the tabular environment between \begin{adjustbox}{max width=\textwidth} and \end{adjustbox}.
• If we need subfigures, then we could \usepackage[caption=false]{subfig} …and when needed the subfigures…

  \begin{figure}
  \centering
  \subfloat[label (a)\label{fig:label:a}]{
  \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{subfig_a}
  }
  \subfloat[label (b)) \label{fig:label:b}]{
  \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{subfig_b}
  }
  \caption{general caption}
  \end{figure}
  

• Enable bookmarks (Require the hyperref package. See this page).

  \hypersetup{
    unicode,
    bookmarks,
    bookmarksopen,
    bookmarksdepth=2
  }
  

• Move contents to the appendix with the apxproof package. To use this package, put the following lines to the preamble.

  \usepackage[appendix=inline]{apxproof} % 3 modes: append (proofs moved to appendix, use in a submission), inline (no appendix, use in a preprint full version), and strip (cutting off proofs instead of moving to appendix, use in a camera-ready version)
  \renewcommand{\appendixsectionformat}[2]{Omitted Details for Section~#1 (#2)}
  \newtheoremrep{theorem}{Theorem}
  \newtheoremrep{lemma}{Lemma}
  \newtheoremrep{proposition}{Proposition}
  

  With apxproof, you don’t have to manually move theorems/lemmas/propositions and their proofs to the appendix when preparing a submission to a conference. To move some paragraphs to the appendix, put them between \begin{toappendix} and \end{toappendix}. To move a theorem to the appendix (note that we need to add lines such as \newtheoremrep{theorem}{Theorem} to the preamble before doing this), put it between \begin{theoremrep} and \end{theoremrep} and use appendixproof instead of the proof environment for its proof. You can also add a sketch of your proof by putting it between \begin{proofsketch} and \end{proofsketch}. You can do similarly for a lemma/proposition/etc.

• I found a tip here guiding how to add the bibliographic reference to the first page. You need the file butterma.sty. An example of using this package is as follows. Of course, you can also modify butterma.sty to add more information about copyright, doi, and so on. (You should not use this in the camera-ready version.)

  \documentclass[runningheads]{llncs}
  \usepackage{butterma}
  \idline{J.~Doe and E.~Muster (Eds.): Perfect Publishing, LNCS 9999} % information of your paper
  \setcounter{page}{101} % the first page of your paper in the published proceedings
  %\renewcommand{\year}{1999} % just if you don't want the current year
  ...
  \maketitle
  \thispagestyle{electronic}