This post contains some notes I want to remember when installing and using Arch Linux. I will keep updating its contents as time goes by.
Note (2020-09-30): For a more secure system, I am now using Arch Linux with UEFI boot and full disk encryption.
pass
password managerJAIST
or eduroam
wifi in JAIST$HOME
folder with rsync
rsync
systemctl status user@120.service
for details”cups-pdf
outputs printed filessudo
dconf
pacman -Su
sytem update/upgrade with aura
vsftpd
oh-my-zsh
does not apply themeszip -u
in Makefile
git
power-profiles-daemon
package conflicts with TLPnano
text editorThe official Arch Linux can be downloaded from https://www.archlinux.org/download/. If you are new to Arch Linux, it is better to install Manjaro Linux or Anarchy-Linux. The installation guide can be found at https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/installation_guide. Here, I describe how I install Arch Linux to my ASUS X44H laptop.
I download the latest ISO from https://www.archlinux.org/download/ and create a live USB with that iso file.
In a Linux system, you can use the dd
command
dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
In a Windows system, my recommendation is Rufus or Ventoy. You can also remaster the install ISO.
I have the default console keymap (i.e., US), so I do not need to re-configure the keyboard layout. To list all available layouts, use
ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
To set a layout, use loadkeys
command.
To verify if your computer supports UEFI, use ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
.
If the directory does not exist, your computer does not support UEFI.
In fact, my computer supports both UEFI and BIOS boot modes.
If you connect to the internet using wired network devices (as I do) then you can verify the connection (which is enabled on boot by the installation image) using ping
command.
See this page for more details on how to configure a network connection.
Use the command
timedatectl set-ntp true
to ensure the system clock is accurate.
The command fdisk -l
lists all available storage devices and its partitions.
Suppose that I install the system in /dev/sda
.
To create/delete/re-size a partition in a storage device, I use cfdisk (DOS partition tables).
I created three partitions /dev/sda1
, /dev/sda2
, and /dev/sda3
for /
, /home
, and swap, respectively.
It is recommended that if you have less than 1GB RAM then you should spend 1GB for swap, if you have 2-4GB RAM then you should spend half of the size of RAM for swap, and otherwise you should spend 2GB for swap.
To format a partition, use the command mkfs.filsystem_type /dev/sdax
, here filesystem_type
can be ext2
, ext4
, jfs
, etc., and /dev/sdax
is the partiton number.
You should also format and enable the swap partition with the mkswap
and swapon
commands.
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
mkswap /dev/sda3
swapon /dev/sda3
For example,
Mount the root partition (mount point /
) at /mnt
.
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
Create /mnt/home
for mounting the home partition (mount point /home
).
mkdir -p /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/home
I have Windows OS installed in /dev/sda4
, so I create /mnt/windows
directory for mounting the partition.
mkdir -p /mnt/windows
mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/windows
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-lts-headers linux-firmware
pacstrap /mnt nano git rsync
It might be safer to use the Linux LTS kernel instead of the latest one.
I also want to use wifi-menu
(a part of the netctl package) in my newly installed system:
pacstrap /mnt netctl iw dialog wpa_supplicant
fstab
fileA fstab
file defines how disk partitions, block devices or remote file systems are mounted into the filesystem.
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
The option -U
indicates defining by UUID.
To define by labels, use option -L
.
arch-chroot /mnt
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc # generate /etc/adjtime
For Vietnamese, the Region is Asia
, and the City is Ho_Chi_Minh
.
Uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
and other needed localizations in /etc/locale.gen
, and generate them with:
locale-gen
Set the LANG
variable in /etc/locale.conf
accordingly, for example LANG=en_US.UTF-8
.
Create /etc/hostname
echo my_hostname > /etc/hostname
and matching entries to /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 my_hostname.localdomain my_hostname
To change root password, use passwd
command.
To create a new user, use useradd
command.
For example,
useradd -m -g users -G audio,lp,optical,storage,video,wheel,games,power,scanner -k /etc/skel/ -s /bin/bash user
Use /usr/bin/zsh
instead of /bin/bash
if you want to use Z Shell instead of Bash as your default shell.
Now, edit /etc/sudoers
by uncommenting the line %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
to allow all members of the group wheel
sudo access.
To add an user to a group, use usermod -aG <group name> <username>
.
To remove an user, use userdel <username>
.
To remove a group, use groupdel <groupname>
.
To change a user default shell, use chsh -s <shell>
, where <shell>
can be obtained from a list resulted by running chsh -l
.
See this page for more details.
For making your bash
or zsh
shells look more beautiful, see also oh-my-zsh and oh-my-bash.
My ASUS laptop has Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU B950 @ 2.10GHz (use cat /proc/cpuinfo
to show CPU info), so I need to first install intel-ucode
package using
pacman -S intel-ucode
I also have Windows partition, so I need os-prober
package.
pacman -S os-prober
I also edit /etc/default/grub
by changing
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet"
into
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
Now, I can run the grub installation using
grub-install /dev/sda
and finally generate the grub configuration file
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
I modify /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
by changing
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck)
into
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck shutdown)
and recreate the initramfs image with
mkinitcpio -p linux-lts
Exit the chroot environment by typing exit
or press Ctrl + D.
Unmount all the partitions with umount -R /mnt
.
Type reboot
to restart the system.
Remove the installation media and then login into the new system with the root account.
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm python pacman-contrib
sed -ie'' 's/^#S/S/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
rankmirrors -v /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | tee /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.new && mv /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.new /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
sudo pacman -Syy
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm gnome gnome-extra gnome-flashback
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm xorg xorg-server
sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
You must install cups
before doing this.
sudo systemctl start org.cups.cupsd.service
sudo systemctl enable org.cups.cupsd.service
To avoid time display error between Arch Linux and Windows, use
sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
Note: If you log in as a normal user, run timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
(without sudo
).
yay -S --needed --noconfirm unace unrar unzip zip lrzip p7zip sharutils uudeview mpack arj cabextract file-roller
In Arch Linux, users can add and install their favorite packages from AUR, aka Arch User Repository via the pacman package manager.
Since AUR contains about 44,000 packages, for most of them, one need to manually download, check, and install.
This is where packer or yaourt come in handy.
Here is how I install yaourt
.
(The original guide is here).
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm base-devel git wget yajl
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package-query.git
cd package-query
makepkg -si
cd ..
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yaourt.git
cd yaourt
makepkg -si
cd ..
sudo rm -dR yaourt/ package-query/
If you need a GUI, install pamac-aur.
Update (2018-11-14): Both packer
and yaourt
are outdated and discontinued. Use yay (yet another yogurt) instead.
yay -S --needed --noconfirm arc-gtk-theme paper-icon-theme papirus-icon-theme
Note (2021-12-19): Orchis is a nice theme for GNOME/GTK based desktop environments. I used the Orchis-grey-dark
variant with the Backout icon set.
yay -S --needed --noconfirm orchis-theme-git
yay -S --needed --noconfirm exfat-utils fuse-exfat a52dec faac faad2 flac jasper lame libdca libdv \
gst-libav libmad libmpeg2 libtheora libvorbis libxv wavpack x264 xvidcore \
flashplugin libdvdcss libdvdread libdvdnav dvd+rw-tools dvdauthor dvgrab
yay -S --needed --noconfirm ibus ibus-unikey ibus-anthy
yay -S --needed --noconfirm ttf-vietnamese-tcvn3 ttf-vietnamese-vni ttf-hannom
yay -S --needed --noconfirm ttf-google-fonts-git ttf-mac-fonts ttf-monaco ttf-windows
To enable GDM (GNOME Display Manager), use
sudo systemctl start gdm
sudo systemctl enable gdm
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm jdk-openjdk jre-openjdk # latest java
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm jdk11-openjdk jre11-openjdk jdk8-openjdk jre8-openjdk # version 8 and 11
sudo archlinux-java set java-11-openjdk # set default Java environment, use `sudo archlinux-java status` to see available versions
yay -S --needed --noconfirm eclipse-java
As eclipse-java
and eclipse-cpp
are in conflict, to use C/C++ Development Tools, I install CDT 9.5.5 for Eclipse Photon and 2018-09 in eclipse-java
by choosing Help > Install New Software...
, add the CDT repository http://download.eclipse.org/tools/cdt/releases/9.5, and install the CDT Main Features
and CDT Optional Features
.
When running mkinitcpio -p linux
, if you get the warning
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: wd719x
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: aic94xx
then simply install the wd719x-firmware
and aic94xx-firmware
packages using yay
and run mkinitcpio -p linux
again.
Note (2022-01-31): If you get the warning
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: xhci_pci
then install upd72020x-fw
.
Note (2022-02-26): If you get the warning
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: qla2xxx
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: qed
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: bfa
==> WARNING: Possibly missing firmware for module: qla1280
then install linux-firmware-qlogic
.
Install the downgrade package using yay
.
This package helps you install some previous version of a current package, which is very useful in case of conflicted dependencies.
If you want a specific version of a package, say netpbm-10.73-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
(a dependency for latex2html
), you can go to https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/ to look for the package at https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/n/netpbm and install using
sudo pacman -U https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/n/netpbm/netpbm-10.73-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
Update (2019-12-31): Another place to look for old Arch Linux packages is Internet Archive.
A trick is to go to the page https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_<package-name>
if you want to find old versions of <package-name>
, e.g., to find old versions of netpbm
, go to https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_netpbm.
For more information, see Arch Linux Archive.
There is no trouble installing Vanilla TeXLive, but I want to add some note: Install texlive-dummy via yaourt
in order to tell pacman
that you’ve already installed TeXLive.
You can also install TeXLive with
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm texlive-most texlive-lang texmaker biber
To compile and install pdf2htmlEX (in Arch Linux 64-bit version), I use poppler
and poppler-glib
version 0.59.0-1
, fontforge
version 20141126-3
, together with the pdf2htmlex-git package.
First, install some necessary packages
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm poppler-data
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_poppler/poppler-0.59.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U --noconfirm poppler-0.59.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_poppler-glib/poppler-glib-0.59.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U --noconfirm poppler-glib-0.59.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_automake/automake-1.15-1-any.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U automake-1.15-1-any.pkg.tar.xz
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm libxi pango giflib libtool desktop-file-utils gtk-update-icon-cache libunicodenames gc python shared-mime-info openjpeg2 qt5-base poppler popper-glib poppler-qt5
Next, install fontforge 20141126-3
along with its dependencies
yay -S readline6 # for `libreadline.so.6`
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_libsodium/libsodium-0.7.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U --noconfirm libsodium-0.7.1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_zeromq/zeromq-4.0.6-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U zeromq-4.0.6-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_libxkbui/libxkbui-1.0.2-6-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U libxkbui-1.0.2-6-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_libspiro/libspiro-1%3A0.5.20150702-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U libspiro-1:0.5.20150702-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
wget https://archive.org/download/archlinux_pkg_fontforge/fontforge-20141126-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz && sudo pacman -U fontforge-20141126-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
Now, install pdf2htmlex-git
with the command yay -S pdf2htmlex-git
. To see how it was actually installed, I put here the content of the corresponding PKGBUID
.
# Maintainer: Miguel Revilla <yo at miguelrevilla dot com>
# Contributor: Arthur Țițeică arthur.titeica/gmail/com
pkgname=pdf2htmlex-git
pkgver=1742.f12fc15
pkgrel=3
epoch=1
pkgdesc="Convert PDF to HTML without losing format. Text is preserved as much as possible."
arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
url="https://github.com/coolwanglu/pdf2htmlEX"
license=('GPL3' 'custom')
depends=('poppler' 'fontforge')
makedepends=('cmake' 'git')
optdepends=('ttfautohint: Provides automated hinting process for web fonts')
provides=('pdf2htmlex')
conflicts=('pdf2htmlex')
replaces=('pdf2htmlex')
source=('git://github.com/coolwanglu/pdf2htmlEX.git'
'735.patch'
'override.patch')
md5sums=('SKIP'
'61100dcfa593c90ef9ee2ac3f6206a77'
'ae6ab1c7b5d5f2a4d4edf67ff4746143')
_gitname=pdf2htmlEX
_pkgname=pdf2htmlEX
pkgver() {
cd "${_gitname}"
# git describe --always | sed 's|-|.|g'
echo $(git rev-list --count HEAD).$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)
}
prepare() {
cd "${_gitname}"
patch -p1 < "${srcdir}/735.patch"
patch < "${srcdir}/override.patch"
cd 3rdparty/poppler/git
sed -i 's|globalParams->getStrokeAdjust()|gTrue|' CairoOutputDev.cc
}
build() {
cd "${_gitname}"
cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr
make CXXFLAGS=-Doverride=
}
package() {
cd "${_gitname}"
make DESTDIR="${pkgdir}/" install
install -Dm0644 LICENSE "${pkgdir}/usr/share/licenses/${_pkgname}/LICENSE"
}
# vim:set ts=2 sw=2 et:
Finally, upgrading poppler
, poppler-glib
, and reinstalling their old versions to /usr/local
:
sudo pacman -S --noconfirm --needed poppler poppler-glib libsodium
.
Install poppler 0.59.0
from source
wget https://poppler.freedesktop.org/poppler-0.59.0.tar.xz
tar -xvf poppler-0.59.0.tar.xz
cd poppler-0.59.0/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-xpdf-headers
make
sudo make install
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpoppler.so.70 /usr/lib/libpoppler.so.70 # so that pdf2htmlEX can find it later
Install libsodium 0.7.1
from source
curl -O https://download.libsodium.org/libsodium/releases/old/unsupported/libsodium-0.7.1.tar.gz
tar xvf libsodium-0.7.1.tar.gz
cd libsodium-0.7.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install
sudo ln -sf /usr/local/lib/libsodium.so.13 /usr/lib/libsodium.so.13
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm clamav clamtk # installation
sudo systemctl enable clamav-daemon # enable clamav-daemon
sudo systemctl start clamav-daemon # start clamav-daemon
sudo freshclam # update virus database
sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER # if the group `docker` does not exist then create it using `sudo groupadd docker`
pass
password manageryay -S --noconfirm tree pass pass-import dmenu
If you get the error
pass-import-2.3.tar.gz ... FAILED (unknown public key C5469996F0DF68EC)
then run
gpg --keyserver pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys C5469996F0DF68EC
One can also install the latest pass-import
from its GitHub repository as follows
git clone https://github.com/roddhjav/pass-import/
cd pass-import
sudo make install
See this page for a guide on how to use pass
with docker
.
SRWare Iron is a Chromium-based renowned browser for privacy and security. To install it on Arch Linux, run the following commands in Terminal.
wget http://www.srware.net/downloads/iron64.deb
mkdir -p iron64 && ar xv iron64.deb --output iron64
cd iron64
tar xvf data.tar.xz
sudo chown -R root:root usr
sudo chown root usr/share/iron/chrome-sandbox
sudo chmod 4755 usr/share/iron/chrome-sandbox
sudo chmod 4755 usr/share/iron/chrome-wrapper
sudo rsync -arv usr /
cd .. && sudo rm -rf iron64*
To use SRWare Iron with Google Sync, follow this guide. Basically, the steps are:
sudo pacman -S arb bc binutils boost brial cblas cddlib cmake ecl eclib fflas-ffpack flintqs gc gcc gcc-fortran gd gf2x gfan giac glpk gsl iml lapack lcalc libatomic_ops libbraiding libgiac libhomfly linbox lrcalc m4 m4ri m4rie make meson nauty ninja openblas openssl palp pari pari-elldata pari-galdata pari-galpol pari-seadata patch perl planarity ppl primecount primesieve python python-tox qhull rankwidth readline singular sqlite3 suitesparse symmetrica sympow tachyon tar which
sudo pacman -S autoconf automake git github-cli gnupg libtool openssh pkg-config
sudo pacman -S ffmpeg imagemagick pandoc texlive-core texlive-langcyrillic texlive-langjapanese texlive-latexextra
sudo pacman -S 4ti2 clang coin-or-cbc coxeter graphviz igraph intel-oneapi-tbb libxml2 lrs pari-elldata pari-galpol pari-seadata pdf2svg perl-term-readline-gnu polymake r
yay -S python311
cd $HOME
ORIG=https://github.com/sagemath/sage.git
git clone -c core.symlinks=true --branch master --tags $ORIG
cd sage
make configure
./configure --with-python=/usr/bin/python3.11 --without-system-zeromq --without-system-singular
SAGE_KEEP_BUILT_SPKGS=yes MAKE='make -j8' make
/usr/share/applications/sage-jupyter-notebook.desktop
with the following content, replace <username>
with your username and /home/<username>/SageMathNotebooks
with the path to the folder where you want to save SageMath Jupyter Notebooks.
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Jupyter notebook with Sage
Name[en]=Jupyter notebook with Sage
Comment=Scientific Computing using Jupyter notebook and Sage
Comment[en]=Scientific Computing using Jupyter notebook and Sage
Exec=/home/<username>/sage/sage -n jupyter --notebook-dir='/home/<username>/SageMathNotebooks'
Icon=/home/<username>/sage/src/sage/ext_data/notebook-ipython/logo.svg
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Education;Math;Science;
StartupNotify=true
Name[en_US]=SageMath Jupyter Notebook
$HOME/.bashrc
alias sage="~/sage/sage"
alias sage-clear="echo yes | ~/sage/sage -ipython history clear"
alias sage-notebook="~/sage/sage -n jupyter --notebook-dir=/home/<username>/SageMathNotebooks"
sage -i plantri sage_sws2rst rst2ipynb
See this page for some installations and configurations in Windows.
yay -S gvim vim-colors-solarized-git \
vim-pathogen vim-rainbow-parentheses-improved-git \
vim-hug-neovim-rpc-git python-pynvim nvim-yarp-git vim-deoplete
# all packages in `vim-plugins` group, except `vim-latexsuite`
yay -S vim-airline vim-airline-themes vim-ale vim-align vim-ansible vim-bufexplorer \
vim-coverage-highlight vim-csound vim-ctrlp vim-easymotion vim-editorconfig \
vim-fugitive vim-gitgutter vim-grammalecte vim-indent-object vim-jad vim-jedi \
vim-molokai vim-nerdcommenter vim-nerdtree vim-pastie vim-seti vim-supertab \
vim-surround vim-syntastic vim-tabular vim-tagbar vim-ultisnips vim-vital
yay -S nerd-fonts-complete otf-nerd-fonts-monacob-mono
A better idea may be to install some necessary Python packages via pip
to suit your current Python version.
sudo pip install coverage jedi jinja2 markupsafe pynvim
Plugins will be saved to ~/.vim/bundle
.
mkdir -p ~/.vim/autoload ~/.vim/bundle
mkdir -p ~/.vim/backup ~/.vim/info ~/.vim/swap ~/.vim/undo
Beside the above Arch Linux packages, I also installed some more plugins:
Add the following to ~/.vimrc
. Every time you modify this file, run :so ~/.vimrc
to reload the configurations in GVim.
set runtimepath=~/.vim,$VIM/vimfiles,$VIMRUNTIME,$VIM/vimfiles/after,~/.vim/after
set encoding=utf-8
set fileencoding=utf-8
set termencoding=utf-8
" Taken from https://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com/chapters/07.html
" edit Vim configurations
nnoremap <leader>ev :split $MYVIMRC<cr>
nnoremap <leader>sv :source $MYVIMRC<cr>
nnoremap <leader>egv :split $MYGVIMRC<cr>
nnoremap <leader>sgv :source $MYGVIMRC<cr>
" pathogen
"" To disable a plugin in ~/.vim/bundle, add it's bundle name to the following list
let g:pathogen_blacklist = []
"call add(g:pathogen_blacklist, 'vim-latex')
"call add(g:pathogen_blacklist, 'vim-evince-synctex')
"call add(g:pathogen_blacklist, 'vimtex')
execute pathogen#infect()
set nocompatible
filetype plugin indent on " Load plugins according to detected filetype
set grepprg=grep\ -nH\ $*
" NERDTree
" Start NERDTree. If a file is specified, move the cursor to its window.
autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * NERDTreeCWD | if argc() > 0 || exists("s:std_in") | wincmd p | endif
" Exit Vim if NERDTree is the only window remaining in the only tab.
autocmd BufEnter * if tabpagenr('$') == 1 && winnr('$') == 1 && exists('b:NERDTree') && b:NERDTree.isTabTree() | quit | endif
" Close the tab if NERDTree is the only window remaining in it.
autocmd BufEnter * if winnr('$') == 1 && exists('b:NERDTree') && b:NERDTree.isTabTree() | quit | endif
" If another buffer tries to replace NERDTree, put it in the other window, and bring back NERDTree.
autocmd BufEnter * if bufname('#') =~ 'NERD_tree_\d\+' && bufname('%') !~ 'NERD_tree_\d\+' && winnr('$') > 1 |
\ let buf=bufnr() | buffer# | execute "normal! \<C-W>w" | execute 'buffer'.buf | endif
" Open NERDTree on each new tab.
autocmd BufWinEnter * if getcmdwintype() == '' | silent lcd %:p:h | NERDTreeCWD | wincmd p | endif
let g:NERDTreeWinSize = 20
autocmd BufEnter * silent! lcd %:p:h " move to current folder
set background=dark
colorscheme solarized
set tabstop=4
set softtabstop=0
set noexpandtab
set shiftwidth=4
set showmode " Show current mode in command line
set incsearch " Highlight while searching with / or ?
set hlsearch " Keep matches highlighted
set splitbelow " Open new windows below the current window.
set splitright " Open new windows right of the current window.
set cursorline " Find the current line quickly.
set wrapscan " Searches wrap around end-of-file.
syntax enable " enable syntax highlight
set nu " line numbers
set wrap " text wrap
set lbr
set ai " autoindent
" Autocomplete brackets
inoremap { {}<Esc>ha
inoremap ( ()<Esc>ha
inoremap [ []<Esc>ha
inoremap " ""<Esc>ha
inoremap ' ''<Esc>ha
inoremap ` ``<Esc>ha
" Rainbow brackets
let g:rainbow_active = 1
" Press Ctrl+C for copying a line
vnoremap <C-c> "*y
set clipboard+=unnamed " use the clipboards of vim and OS
" set paste " Paste from a windows or from vim
set go+=a " Visual selection automatically copied to the clipboard
" folding
set foldmethod=syntax
set foldnestmax=3
set nofoldenable
set foldlevel=2
" settings for airline
let g:airline_theme='solarized'
let g:airline_solarized_bg='dark'
" deoplete settings
let g:deoplete#enable_at_startup = 1 " use deoplete for autocompleting
" Put all temporary files under the same directory.
" https://github.com/mhinz/vim-galore#temporary-files
set backup
set backupdir =$HOME/.vim/backup/
set backupext =-vimbackup
set backupskip =
set directory =$HOME/.vim/swap/
set updatecount =100
set undofile
set undodir =$HOME/.vim/undo/
set viminfo ='100,n$HOME/.vim/info/viminfo
" Syntastic settings
set statusline+=%#warningmsg#
set statusline+=%{SyntasticStatuslineFlag()}
set statusline+=%*
let g:syntastic_always_populate_loc_list = 1
let g:syntastic_auto_loc_list = 1
" let g:syntastic_check_on_open = 1
let g:syntastic_mode_map = { 'mode': 'passive', 'active_filetypes': [],'passive_filetypes': [] }
let g:syntastic_check_on_wq = 0
" Use ctrl-[hjkl] to select the active split!
nmap <silent> <c-k> :wincmd k<CR>
nmap <silent> <c-j> :wincmd j<CR>
nmap <silent> <c-h> :wincmd h<CR>
nmap <silent> <c-l> :wincmd l<CR>
" mouse settings
set mouse=a
set mousef
set scf
set mousemodel=popup
" Taken from https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Insert_current_date_or_time
" If buffer modified, update any matched pattern (Last modified, Last updated, etc.) in the first 20 lines.
" 'Last modified: ' can have up to 10 characters before (they are retained).
" Restores cursor and window position using save_cursor variable.
function! LastModified()
if &modified
let save_cursor = getpos(".")
let n = min([20, line("$")])
keepjumps exe '1,' . n . 's#^\(.\{,10}[Ll]ast[\s*_]\([Mm]odified\|[Cc]hange\|[Up]dated\).*: \).*#\1' .
\ strftime('%a %b %d, %Y %H:%M %Z') . '#e'
call histdel('search', -1)
call setpos('.', save_cursor)
endif
endfun
autocmd BufWritePre * call LastModified()
Add the following to ~/.gvimrc
.
set background=dark
colorscheme solarized
set gfn=MonacoB\ Nerd\ Font\ Mono\ 14
cd ~/.vim/bundle
git clone https://github.com/pprovost/vim-markdown-jekyll
git clone https://github.com/parkr/vim-jekyll
I also added the following to ~/.vimrc
. Edit the options to fit your requirements.
" vim-jekyll
let g:jekyll_post_dirs = ['_posts']
let g:jekyll_post_extension = '.md'
let g:jekyll_site_dir = '_site'
let g:jekyll_post_template = [
\ '---',
\ 'layout: JEKYLL_LAYOUT',
\ 'title: "JEKYLL_TITLE"',
\ 'author: JEKYLL_AUTHOR',
\ 'categories: ',
\ ' - MAIN_CAT',
\ 'last_modified_at: ' . strftime('%a %b %d, %Y %H:%M %Z'),
\ '---',
\ '',
\ '* TOC',
\ '{:toc}',
\ '']
vimtex
and evince
I tried to make forward-search and inverse-search work for vimtex
and evince
.
vimtex
by running git clone https://github.com/lervag/vimtex ~/.vim/bundle/vimtex
. To stop loading vimtex
(e.g., you want to use vim-latex
instead), add the following, if not exist, to ~/.vimrc
, before execute pathogen#infect()
. This trick can be used with any other plugin located at ~/.vim/bundle
.
let g:pathogen_blacklist = []
call add(g:pathogen_blacklist, 'vimtex')
evince-synctex
. Edit /usr/bin/evince-synctex
by uncommenting (removing the #
symbol) one of the two lines starting with EDITORCMD
. They will probably look like this after uncommenting
#EDITORCMD="gvim --servername '`basename "$1" .pdf`' --remote-silent '+%l<Enter>' %f"
# Highlight matched column
EDITORCMD="gvim --servername '`basename "$1" .pdf`' --remote-silent '+%l<Enter>:match Search /\%%ll/' %f"
...
See /usr/bin/evince_backward_search
for more options regarding EDITORCMD
.
/usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Evince.desktop
by replacing any Exec=evince
by Exec=evince-synctex
. Basically, evince-synctex
runs both evince
and evince_backward_search
at the same time. In this way, every time I open a PDF with evince
and Ctrl + “left mouse click” somewhere in it, GVim will open its corresponding source file, if available. (Always compile TeX files with synctex
option, if possible, for example, like latexmk -pdf -synctex=1 main.tex
. Don’t delete the file with extension .synctex.gz
after compiling your PDF from a .tex
source file.)git clone https://github.com/gauteh/vim-evince-synctex ~/.vim/bundle/vim-evince-synctex
Replacing the contents of ~/.vim/bundle/vim-evince-synctex/bin/evince_backward.sh
with the following.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if ! ps aux | grep evince_backward_search | grep $2 ; then
evince_backward_search "$1" "gvim --servername $2 --remote-silent '+%l<Enter>' %f" &
evince "$1"
kill %1
fi
~/.vimrc
.
" settings for vimtex
let g:vimtex_fold_enabled = 1
let g:tex_flavor = 'latex'
" Bind forward search (this command is provided by us)
nnoremap <leader>lf :VimtexForwardSearch<CR>
"" TOC on the right handside
let g:vimtex_toc_config = {
\'split_pos' : ':vert :botright',
\'split_width': 30
\}
" vimtex with deoplete
call deoplete#custom#var('omni', 'input_patterns', {
\ 'tex': g:vimtex#re#deoplete
\})
vim-latex
(or latex-suite
)git clone https://github.com/vim-latex/vim-latex ~/.vim/bundle/vim-latex
vim-latex
and vimtex
are conflicted, comment out all g:vimtex
-related options in ~/.vimrc
and stop loading vimtex
as descried in the previous section.~/.vimrc
.
" settings for vim-latexsuite
let g:tex_flavor='latex'
let g:Tex_DefaultTargetFormat = 'pdf'
let g:Tex_CompileRule_pdf = 'latexmk -pdf -interaction=nonstopmode -synctex=1 $*'
let g:Tex_UseMakefile = 0
let g:Tex_ViewRule_dvi = 'evince'
let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'evince'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'xdg-open'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'okular --unique'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'zathura -x "gvim --servername synctex -n --remote-silent +\%{line} \%{input}"'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'qpdfview --unique'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'texworks'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'mupdf'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'firefox -new-window'
"let g:Tex_ViewRule_pdf = 'chromium --new-window'
let g:Tex_AutoFolding = 0
let g:Tex_CustomTemplateDirectory = '$HOME/.vim/bundle/vim-latex/ftplugin/latex-suite/templates/'
A non-exhaustive list of some packages I installed (using yay
) are:
guake firefox thunderbird google-chrome tor-browser gedit-plugins
vivaldi vivaldi-ffmpeg-codecs
tlp lsb-release smartmontools ethtool
gparted gksu testdisk partimage xfsprogs reiserfsprogs jfsutils ntfs-3g dosfstools mtools grub-customizer hwinfo dislocker-git
openssh subversion git git-lfs github-cli mercurial gufw filezilla openvpn
mlocate cups cups-pdf system-config-printer
gnupg1 veracrypt secure-delete tree authenticator-git
goldendict pdfarranger calibre djview shutter shotwell foxitreader freeoffice ms-office-online zotero
vlc mplayer alsa-utils pulseaudio ytmdesktop-git vidcutter 4kvideodownloader
dropbox-cli nautilus-dropbox megasync grive-git onedrive-abraunegg-git insync1
skypeforlinux-stable-bin telegram-desktop irssi caprine zoom
pidgin finch libpurple pidgin-gnome-shell-extension-git pidgin-gnome-keyring pidgin-indicator purple-facebook-git slack-libpurple-git
visual-studio-code-bin atom asymptote
octave python-networkx python-matplotlib python-graphillion
vmware-horizon-client
woeusb windows2usb-git multisystem multibootusb
julia eclipse-java
ipe tikzit
gnome-shell-extension-appindicator libappindicator-gtk3 gnome-shell-extension-topicons-plus gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons-ng
texstudio latex2html perl-latexml cwdiff
For a recommendation, see this page or this page. See this page for a list of available applications.
Keeping a list of installed packages is useful when you want to speed up installation on a new system or backup a working system. The command
pacman -Qqe > pkglist.txt
generates a list of installed packages (including packages from AUR).
To reinstall the packages in pkglist.txt
, use the command
yay -S --needed - < pkglist.txt
One can also use the reflector package for retrieving and filtering the latest Pacman mirror list. See pacman/Tips and tricks for more information.
sudo rm /var/lib/pacman/db.lck
JAIST
or eduroam
wifi in JAISTJAIST provides two wireless network services with SSIDs JAIST
and eduroam
.
The instruction is for Windows, MacOS X, and Android.
I figure that it can also be used for Arch Linux (and maybe some other Linux distributions).
Basically, the wifi security information for accessing these wifi SSIDs (I use NetworkManager for managing network connection) is as follows.
/etc/ssl/ca-certificates.crt
(make sure that the package ca-certificates-utils is installed)Note: Put your digital certificate in some place where the path to it contains no file/folder whose name containing blank space.
JAIST also provides an SSL-VPN gateway system.
In Arch Linux, I download F5 Linux CLI (command line interface) Edge Client Installer (file linuxsslvpn.gz
) and install as follows.
tar -xvf linuxsslvpn.tgz
sudo ./Install.sh # Answer `yes` for both questions
To use JAIST SSL-VPN, from the Terminal, you can use the command
f5fpc --start --host vpn.jaist.ac.jp --cert /path/to/your/jaist/digital/certificate
You will have to input your password for reading your digital certificate (provided from JAIST), your username (for student, sXXXXXXX), and the password of your JAIST’s account.
After you successfully start the connection, you can use f5fpc --info
to check the connection status.
At the time of writing this post, JAIST provides two VPN networks /Common/jaist-vpn1-na
and /Common/jaist-vpn2-na
(as shown when using f5fpc --info
).
The vpn1
only passes accesses to JAIST through VPN, while vpn2
passes all accesses through VPN.
vpn1
and vpn2
(© JAIST RCACI)To use, say vpn2
, you can use the command
f5fpc --start --host vpn.jaist.ac.jp --cert /path/to/your/jaist/digital/certificate --fname "/Common/jaist-vpn2-na"
To stop using JAIST SSL-VPN, use the command
f5fpc --stop
Update (2020-09-30): A simpler way to install f5fpc
in Arch Linux is to run yay -S f5fpc
.
To use Kyutech VPN [Username and Password Required], I installed networkmanager-l2tp
, xl2tpd
, strongswan
and networkmanager-strongswan
as follows (assuming that yay
was installed).
yay -S networkmanager-l2tp xl2tpd strongswan networkmanager-strongswan
The information for setting up VPN are as follows
KIT VPN
.Enable IPsec Tunnel to L2TP host
and enter the pre-shared key as instructed by Kyutech here. In the Advanced
section, click Legacy Proposals
.Update (2020-02-14): In my recent system, clicking Legacy Proposals
is not required.
You will need to get a client certificate [KyotoU Credentials Required]. Use NetworkManager
to import the following OpenVPN configuration file and adjust the path to the above certificate.
VPN Gate is developed by researchers from Graduate School of University of Tsukuba, Japan for expanding the knowledge of “Global Distributed Public VPN Relay Servers”. See this page for more details on how to install and use this service in Linux. I briefly summarized what I did here.
yay -S git openvpn python-requests python-urwid wmctrl
git clone https://github.com/Dragon2fly/vpngate-with-proxy.git
cd vpngate-with-proxy
./run [arg] # [arg] could be either none or 'tui' or 'cli'
To fix this, use the command
xdg-mime default org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop inode/directory
After installing VS Code (visual-studio-code-bin
), anything opened using the “Places” extension in GNOME opens VS Code instead of the default folder/path (as described here). To resolve this issue, I simply add the lines
[Default Applications]
inode/directory=org.gnome.Nautilus.desktop
to ~/.config/mimeapps.list
(or just the second line if [Default Applications]
already exists).
The original instruction is available here.
bluetooth
service: sudo systemctl enable bluetooth.service
./etc/bluetooth/main.conf
and set AutoEnable=true
.bluetoothctl
, it will open a new console. In that console, type trust XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
for each paired device (replace XX...
with mac address).Recently, I’ve bought a HP X4000b Bluetooth Mouse and having trouble when I have to re-pair the device again and again every time I switch between Arch Linux and Windows 10. Luckily, I found this instruction. I describe the steps here.
chntpw
using sudo pacman -S --needed --noconfirm chntpw
.cd /[windowsSystemDrive]/Windows/System32/config
.chntpw -e SYSTEM
opens up a console. Run the following commands in that console.
cd ControlSet001\Services\BTHPORT\Parameters\Keys
ls
# shows your bluetooth port's mac address,
# for example, the output is as follows
# Node has 1 subkeys and 0 values
# key name
# <aa1122334455>
cd aa1122334455 # CD into the folder
ls # lists of existing devices' MAC addresses
# for example, the output is as follows
# Node has 0 subkeys and 1 values
# size type value name [value if type DWORD]
# 16 REG_BINARY <001f20eb4c9a>
hex 001f20eb4c9a
# the output is of the form
# :00000 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX ...ignore..chars..
# the XXs are the pairing key
:00000
.sudo -s
.cd
to your bluetooth config location /var/lib/bluetooth/[bth port mac addresses)]
.info
. In these files, you’ll see the link key you need to replace with your windows ones like so.
[LinkKey]
Key=B99999999FFFFFFFFF999999999FFFFF
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth
.Note: If you Pair all Bluetooth devices with Windows 10 first, and then with Arch Linux, then the key for all systems should be the key of the last system the devices were paired, which is Arch Linux in this case.
Update (2024-04-16): The above steps do not work for a Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) device, such as the Wireless/Bluetooth HP FM710A Mouse that I’ve purchased recently. I follow this guide. I copied the steps here.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Services\BTHPORT\Parameters\Keys\{computer-bluetooth-mac}\{device-bluetooth-id}
. It may be ControlSet001
or ControlSet002
which one cane be found in SYSTEM\Select
but it’s usually ControlSet001
. This can be done e.g. using chntpw
(from linux) as follows
cd {PATH_TO_WINDOWS_PARTITION}/Windows/System32/config/
chntpw -e SYSTEM
/var/lib/bluetooth/{computer-bluetooth-mac}
.IRK
into Key in IdentityResolvingKey
CSRK
into Key in LocalSignatureKey
LTK
into Key in LongTermKey
ERand
into Rand
: Take the hex value ab cd ef
, byte reverse it (ef cd ab
) and convert it into decimal (e.g. using the Programming mode of the calculator application)EDIV
into EDiv
: Just take the hex value and convert it normally or use the decimal value directly if it is displayed (chntpw
displays it)gnupg1
If you get the error
==> PGP keys need importing:
-> D8692123C4065DEA5E0F3AB5249B39D24F25E3B6, required by: gnupg1
-> 46CC730865BB5C78EBABADCF04376F3EE0856959, required by: gnupg1
-> 031EC2536E580D8EA286A9F22071B08A33BD3F06, required by: gnupg1
-> D238EA65D64C67ED4C3073F28A861B1C7EFD60D9, required by: gnupg1
when installing gnupg1
then you can import the missing keys with the command
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys D8692123C4065DEA5E0F3AB5249B39D24F25E3B6 \
46CC730865BB5C78EBABADCF04376F3EE0856959 \
031EC2536E580D8EA286A9F22071B08A33BD3F06 \
D238EA65D64C67ED4C3073F28A861B1C7EFD60D9
Let say you want to remove the passphrase of a secret key named PGP-key.asc
.
gpg1 --import PGP-key.asc
gpg1 --edit-key <imported PGP key fingerprint>
Then, type passwd
in the gpg>
command prompt, enter the old passhrase of the imported PGP key, and press Enter for the new passhrase. Answer y
when you were asked You don't want a passphrase - this is probably a *bad* idea! Do you really want to do this? (y/N)
. Finally, type save
to save the result and exit the command prompt.
$HOME
folder with rsync
cd /path/to/backup/directory
rsync -arvz -H --progress --numeric-ids $HOME/ .
rsync
See also the ArchWiki.
rsync -aAXHv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} / /path/to/backup
systemctl status user@120.service
for details”To resolve this error, simply press Alt + F2, login to the TTY shell as root
, and run systemctl restart gdm
. See this page for more information.
One way is to try to remove xf86-input-synaptics
and install xf86-input-libinput
. Also, in GNOME, enable “Tap to click” using gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad tap-to-click true
and gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad natural-scroll false
. To ensure the touchpad events are being sent to the GNOME desktop, use gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events enabled
.
cups-pdf
outputs printed filesEdit /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf
by adding Out ${HOME}/Documents/cups-pdf
. The output will be in your $HOME/Documents/cups-pdf
directory.
sudo
See this ArchWiki page for more details.
Editting files as root
while still using gedit
as your user.
SUDO_EDITOR=gedit sudo -e file.txt
sudo -e
will check that you’re allowed to do this, make a copy of the file that you can edit without changing ids manually, start your editor, and then, when the editor exits, copy the file back if it has been changed.
Reduce the number of times you have to type a password by adding the following line to /etc/sudoers
:
Defaults timestamp_timeout=10 # in minutes
dconf
sudo pacman -S dconf
.dconf dump / > gnome-settings
.dconf load / < gnome-settings
.dconf reset -f /
.By default, NetworkManager stores all connection files at /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/
, and I just simply backup all of them with
sudo tar czvf /NetworkConnections.tar.gz /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections
To restore the connection files, simply run sudo tar xvf /NetworkConnections.tar.gz -C /
, and restart NetworkManager with systemctl restart NetworkManager
. Note that if you want to restore these files in a different computer, you also need to change the corresponding MAC addresses of the devices using the commands cd /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections && sed -i -e 's/<old mac>/<new mac>/ *
, as described here. To list all network connnections, use nmcli connection show
.
pacman -Su
sytem update/upgrade with aura
Install the aura
or aura-bin
or aura-git
package using yay
.
(I would suggest aura-bin
.)
To save the list of installed packages and versions, run sudo aura -B
.
To select a previous restore point from date-stamped list, run sudo aura -Br
.
To remove all but the last 3 restore points, run sudo aura -Bc 3
.
For more details, see The Aura User Guide.
Install apache
pacman -S apache
and edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
by commenting out (adding #
at the beginning of) the line
LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
Then,
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd
localhost
in Apache serverNote that this aims to be used only in localhost
.
If you plan to deploy TLS in your server, you may need to be more careful in order to prevent vulnerabilities.
The first step is to generate self-signed certificates.
This page contains a very nice step-by-step instruction on how to do it.
I put them all together in a bash script gen_certs.sh with a slight modification.
You can download script and simply run bash gen_certs.sh localhost
.
#!/bin/bash
if [ "$#" != 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: ./gen_certs.sh NAME"
exit 1
fi
######################
# Become a Certificate Authority
######################
if [ ! -f "myCA.key" ]; then
# Generate private key
openssl genrsa -out myCA.key 4096
# Create configuration file for generating root certificates
>config_ssl_ca.cnf cat <<-EOF
[ req ]
default_bits = 4096
prompt = no
distinguished_name=req_distinguished_name
req_extensions = v3_req
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName=UA
stateOrProvinceName=root region
localityName=root city
organizationName=root organisation
organizationalUnitName=roote department
commonName=root
emailAddress=root_email@root.localhost
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = localhost
DNS.2 = www.localhost
DNS.3 = mail.localhost
DNS.4 = ftp.localhost
[ v3_req ]
keyUsage=digitalSignature
basicConstraints=CA:true
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
EOF
# Generate root certificate
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -key myCA.key -sha256 -days 36500 -out myCA.pem -config config_ssl_ca.cnf
fi
######################
# Create CA-signed certs
######################
NAME="$1"
# Generate a private key
openssl genrsa -out $NAME.key 4096
# Create a configuration file for generating a certificate-signing request
>$NAME-config_ssl.cnf cat <<-EOF
[ req ]
default_bits = 4096
prompt = no
distinguished_name=req_distinguished_name
req_extensions = v3_req
[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName=UA
stateOrProvinceName=root region
localityName=root city
organizationName=root organisation
organizationalUnitName=roote department
commonName=root
emailAddress=root_email@root.localhost
[ alternate_names ]
DNS.1 = $NAME
DNS.2 = www.$NAME
DNS.3 = mail.$NAME
DNS.4 = ftp.$NAME
[ v3_req ]
keyUsage=digitalSignature
basicConstraints=CA:false
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
subjectAltName = @alternate_names
EOF
# Create a certificate-signing request
openssl req -new -sha256 -key $NAME.key -config $NAME-config_ssl.cnf -out $NAME.csr
# Create a config file for the extensions
>$NAME.ext cat <<-EOF
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
keyUsage = digitalSignature, nonRepudiation, keyEncipherment, dataEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1 = $NAME # Be sure to include the domain name here
DNS.2 = www.$NAME
DNS.3 = mail.$NAME
DNS.4 = ftp.$NAME
EOF
# Create the signed certificate
openssl x509 -req -in $NAME.csr -CA myCA.pem -CAkey myCA.key -CAcreateserial \
-out $NAME.crt -days 825 -sha256 -extfile $NAME.ext
# Cleaning up
rm -rf $NAME.ext
Next, move localhost.key
and localhost.crt
to /etc/httpd/conf
, and in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
, uncomment the following three lines:
LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
Finally, edit /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.key"
and sudo systemctl restart httpd
.
Remeber to import the CA certificate myCA.pem
to your browser (Google Chrome, Firefox, etc.) in order to avoid the error NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID
.
localhost
serverThis can be done by creating new VirtualHost
.
I simply add the following to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot "/srv/http"
ServerName localhost
ServerAlias localhost
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/localhost-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/localhost-access_log" common
<Directory "/srv/http">
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot "/srv/http"
ServerName localhost:443
ServerAlias localhost:443
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.key"
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/localhost-error_log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/localhost-access_log" common
<Directory "/srv/http">
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
To install, run
sudo pacman -S mysql
sudo mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysqld
sudo systemctl start mysqld
Run the following command to setup MariaDB root
user password
sudo mysql_secure_installation
To create a new user, start MariaDB as root
(with the created password in the previous step)
mysql -u root -p
Then, run
CREATE USER '<username>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';
To grant all privileges to <username>
:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '<username>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';
then refresh the privileges with
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
To quit, type \q
.
You can also combine these commands (see this page for more details):
mysql -u root -p<mysql-root-password> -Bse "CREATE USER '<username>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '<username>'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '<password>';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"
To install, run
sudo pacman -S php php-fpm
Next, create /etc/httpd/conf/extra/php-fpm.conf
with the following content:
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
<FilesMatch \.php$>
SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost/"
</FilesMatch>
and then add Include conf/extra/php-fpm.conf
to the end of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
, and finally
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
sudo systemctl restart httpd
For other methods, see this ArchWiki page.
To install, run
yay -S phpmyadmin php-mcrypt
and edit /etc/php/php.ini
by uncommenting (removing the semicolon ;
at the beginning of) the lines (if a line does not exist, add it)
extension=bz2
extension=mcrypt
extension=mysqli
Next, create /etc/httpd/conf/extra/phpmyadmin.conf
with the contents
Alias /phpmyadmin "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin"
<Directory "/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin">
DirectoryIndex index.php
AllowOverride All
Options FollowSymlinks
Require all granted
</Directory>
and finally add Include conf/extra/phpmyadmin.conf
to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
. Go to http://localhost/phpmyadmin/ to test if your settings work correctly.
If you get the warning message The configuration file now needs a secret passphrase (blowfish_secret).
, edit /usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
by entering a 32 characters long string as the value of $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '<32-characters-string>';
.
If you get the warning message The $cfg['TempDir'] (/usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin/tmp/) is not accessible. phpMyAdmin is not able to cache templates and will be slow because of this.
, edit /usr/share/webapps/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
by adding $cfg['TempDir'] = '/var/tmp/phpMyAdmin';
and then run the following commands as root in the terminal, as instructed here.
mkdir -p /var/tmp/phpMyAdmin
chown http:http /var/tmp/phpMyAdmin
chmod 700 /var/tmp/phpMyAdmin
I wanted to setup a simple WebDAV configuration with my pre-installed Apache HTTP Server, following this instruction.
As in the instruction, with root
permission, run
mkdir -p /home/httpd/DAV
chown -R http:http /home/httpd/DAV
mkdir -p /home/httpd/html/dav
chown -R http:http /home/httpd/html/dav
Now, to setup authentication, run sudo htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/conf/passwd username
.
Then, I created /etc/httpd/conf/httpd-dav.conf
with the following contents.
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
LoadModule dav_lock_module modules/mod_dav_lock.so
DAVLockDB /home/httpd/DAV/DAVLock
Alias /dav "/home/httpd/html/dav"
<Directory "/home/httpd/html/dav">
DAV On
AllowOverride None
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AuthType Basic
AuthName "WebDAV"
AuthBasicProvider file
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/conf/passwd
Require valid-user
</Directory>
then added Include conf/httpd-dav.conf
to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
and finally sudo systemctl restart httpd
. To test if these settings work, go to http://localhost/dav, say by using cadaver http://localhost/dav
and then enter username and password you set up before. You can also create a ~/.netrc
file to automatically login (be aware this is a security risk, since the file contains the password with no encryption; you should set ~/.netrc
’s permission to 600
or 400
to limit the access to only yourself). For example, my ~/.netrc
contains the following content:
machine localhost # don't put `http://localhost/dav`, just `localhost` is enough
login <your-username>
password <your-password>
localhost
with Postfix, Dovecot, and RoundcubeWe will install
Postfix: A mail transfer agent (MTA) that receives and sends emails via SMTP. Those emails are then stored using a mail delivery agent (MDA).
PostfixAdmin: Postfix’s Web Interface.
Dovecot: Allow users to remote access the emails stored by MDA via IMAP or POP3.
Roundcube: A web-based email client.
To install, run
sudo pacman -S postfix
Next, I did some configurations as follows.
Uncomment the following line in /etc/postfix/aliases
, and change you
to a real account.
root: you
Then, sudo postalias /etc/postfix/aliases
and sudo newaliases
.
Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf
to reflect the following configuration. Uncomment, change, or add the following lines
myhostname = localhost
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mynetworks_style = host
home_mailbox = Maildir/
smtp_host_lookup = native # To look up a host's IP address, Postfix SMTP uses the native service
All other settings may remain unchanged.
Then, we can sudo systemctl start postfix && sudo systemctl enable postfix
.
To check if everything works as expected, type from console the following commands to send an email:
telnet localhost smtp
Trying ::1...
Connection failed: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 localhost ESMTP Postfix
mail from: hoanganhduc@localhost
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to: hoanganhduc@localhost
250 2.1.0 Ok
data
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
A test email using Postfix
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as A91FDC05E0
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
To check if the email has been received, look at the ~/Maildir/new
directory.
To enable TLS with Postfix, first, edit /etc/postfix/main.conf
by adding the following lines:
# Secure SMTP sending
smtp_tls_security_level = may # Use TLS if available. To enforce TLS, change `may` to `encrypt`
# Secure SMTP receiving
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/httpd/conf/localhost.crt # See the section regarding using TLS with Apache server
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/httpd/conf/localhost.key
Now, to enable STARTTLS (port 587), modify the following lines in /etc/postfix/master.cf
as follows:
submission inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/submission
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
To enable SMTPS (port 465), modify the following lines in /etc/postfix/master.cf
as follows:
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
and in the first line, replace smtps
with submissions
.
PostfixAdmin is a web interface for Postfix used to manage mailboxes, virtual domains and aliases. To install, run
sudo pacman -S postfixadmin
Next. we need to configure it to work with Apache and MySQL.
To do this, we first create an empty database postfix_db
and the corresponding user postfix_user
who will have read/write access to postfix_db
using the password hunter2
.
mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE postfix_db;
GRANT ALL ON postfix_db.* TO 'postfix_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hunter2';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q
Next, we can edit the PostfixAdmin configuration file /etc/webapps/postfixadmin/config.inc.php
.
<?php
$CONF['configured'] = true;
// correspond to dovecot maildir path /home/vmail/%d/%u
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'NO';
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_host'] = 'localhost';
$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfix_user';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'hunter2';
$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfix_db';
// globally change all instances of ''change-this-to-your.domain.tld''
// to an appropriate value
$CONF['default_aliases'] = array (
'abuse' => 'abuse@localhost',
'hostmaster' => 'hostmaster@localhost',
'postmaster' => 'postmaster@localhost',
'webmaster' => 'webmaster@localhost'
);
$CONF['vacation_domain'] = 'autoreply.localhost';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to localhost';
$CONF['footer_link'] = 'http://localhost';
The next step is to configure postfixadmin
with my pre-installed Apache server with php-fpm
above.
Create /etc/httpd/conf/postfixadmin.conf
with the following contents
Alias /postfixadmin "/usr/share/webapps/postfixadmin/public"
<Directory "/usr/share/webapps/postfixadmin/public">
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
<FilesMatch \.php$>
SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/postfixadmin/postfixadmin.sock|fcgi://localhost/"
</FilesMatch>
AllowOverride All
Options FollowSymlinks
Require all granted
SetEnv PHP_ADMIN_VALUE "open_basedir = /tmp/:/usr/share/webapps/postfixadmin:/etc/webapps/postfixadmin/:/var/cache/postfixadmin/templates_c"
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from 127.0.0.1
</Directory>
and add Include conf/postfixadmin.conf
to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
and then sudo systemctl restart httpd
.
Next, create /etc/php/php-fpm.d/postfixadmin.conf
with the following contents
[postfixadmin]
user = postfixadmin
group = postfixadmin
listen = /run/postfixadmin/postfixadmin.sock
listen.owner = root
listen.group = http
listen.mode = 0660
pm = ondemand
pm.max_children = 4
php_admin_value['date.timezone'] = UTC
php_admin_value['session.save_path'] = /tmp
php_admin_value['open_basedir'] = /tmp/:/usr/share/webapps/postfixadmin/:/etc/webapps/postfixadmin/:/usr/bin/doveadm:/var/cache/postfixadmin
and sudo systemctl restart php-fpm
.
Finally, go to http://127.0.0.1/postfixadmin/setup.php to finish the setup.
Generate your setup password hash at the bottom of the page once it is done. Write the hash to the config file /etc/webapps/postfixadmin/config.local.php
:
$CONF['setup_password'] = 'yourhashhere';
and now you can create a superadmin account at http://127.0.0.1/postfixadmin/setup.php.
To install, run
sudo pacman -S dovecot
Now, we need to configure dovecot
.
First, we copy the configuration files to /etc/dovecot
.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/dovecot
sudo rsync -arv /usr/share/doc/dovecot/example-config/* /etc/dovecot
Next, edit /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
Then, edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf
mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
Next, edit /etc/doveconf/conf.d/10-auth.conf
disable_plaintext_auth = no
auth_username_format = %n
auth_mechanisms = plain login
Finally, edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
unix_listener auth-userdb {
#mode = 0600
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
Then, we can now sudo systemctl start dovecot && sudo systemctl enable dovecot
.
In case you get the error
doveconf: Fatal: Error in configuration file /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf line 12: ssl_cert: Can't open file /etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem: No such file or directory
then just simply comment out the lines containing /etc/ssl/certs/dovecot.pem
.
To enable SSL/TLS with Dovecot, edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf
:
ssl = yes
ssl_cert = </etc/httpd/conf/localhost.crt
ssl_key = </etc/httpd/conf/localhost.key
To test if your Dovecot’s configuration works: IMAP and POP3.
I follow the instruction here to setup SASL authentication for Postfix with Dovecot. The steps are as follows:
Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf
by adding
# Enable SASL
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_type=dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path=private/auth
smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain=$myhostname
smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
smtpd_recipient_restrictions=reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
Edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
:
service auth {
#unix_listener auth-userdb {
# mode = 0666
# user = postfix
# group = postfix
#}
# Postfix smtp-auth
unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
mode = 0660
user = postfix
group = postfix
}
# Auth process is run as this user.
user = root
}
Finally, restart both postfix
and dovecot
. To test if your configuration works, follow this instruction.
To install, run
sudo pacman -S roundcubemail
I already have MariaDB for managing databases, and an Apache server with PHP support.
Next, we create a database roundcubemail
for the user roundcube
identified by paswword password
:
mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE `roundcubemail` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `utf8` COLLATE `utf8_unicode_ci`;
CREATE USER `roundcube`@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `roundcubemail`.* TO `roundcube`@`localhost`;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
\q
and then initialize the roundcubemail
database tables by mysql -u root -p roundcubemail < /usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail/SQL/mysql.initial.sql
.
Now, we copy the example configuration file
cd /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config
sudo cp -vp config.inc.php.sample config.inc.php
sudo chown http:http config.inc.php
and then edit /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/config.inc.php
: (Remeber to replace password
with your roundcube
user password you set before when creating database.)
$config['db_dsnw'] = 'mysql://roundcube:password@localhost/roundcubemail';
$config['default_host'] = 'tls://localhost'; // IMAP host
$config['smtp_server'] = 'tls://localhost';
$config['smtp_port'] = 587;
$config['des_key'] = 'some_awesome_long_semi_random_string';
$config['enable_installer'] = true; // enable the setup wizard
For roundcube to be able to detect mime-types from filename extensions you need to point it to a mime.types file. Apache usually comes with one, thus we can just copy it over.
sudo cp /etc/httpd/conf/mime.types /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/mime.types
sudo chown http:http /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/mime.types
and then edit /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/config.inc.php
by adding
$config['mime_types'] = '/etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/mime.types'; // detect mime-types from filename extensions
Next, edit /etc/php/php.ini
date.timezone = "UTC"
and uncomment extension=iconv
, extension=intl
and extension=pdo_mysql
. You may need to install the php-intl
package.
If you have configured open_basedir
in php.ini
, make sure it includes /etc/webapps
and /usr/share/webapps
, so PHP can open the required Roundcube files. If open_basedir
is disabled/commented out (the default setting), you don’t have to do anything.
Now, copy the configuration file for Apache to /etc/httpd/conf/extra
:
sudo cp -vp /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/apache.conf /etc/httpd/conf/extra/roundcube.conf
then, edit /etc/httpd/conf/extra/roundcube.conf
by replacing the line php_admin_value open_basedir "/tmp/:/var/cache/roundcubemail:/usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail:/etc/webapps/roundcubemail:/usr/share/pear/:/var/log/roundcubemail"
with SetEnv PHP_ADMIN_VALUE "open_basedir=/tmp/:/var/cache/roundcubemail:/usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail:/etc/webapps/roundcubemail:/usr/share/pear/:/var/log/roundcubemail"
(if you do not use php-fpm
, ignore this setting),
and add Include conf/extra/roundcube.conf
to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
, and sudo systemctl restart httpd
.
Finally you can visit the Roundcube installation wizard in your browser: http://localhost/roundcube/installer. When testing SMTP config with Roundcube, I get the following error
postfix/submission/smtpd[25422]: warning: TLS library problem: error:14094418:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:tlsv1 alert unknown ca:ssl/record/rec_layer_s3.c:1543:SSL alert number 48:
Typically, this error indicated that PHP fails to verify peer certificate because unknown CA.
A simple solution is to disable verify_peer
and/or verify_peer_name
in Roundcube’s smtp_conn_options
and imap_conn_options
by adding the follwoing lines to /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/config.inc.php
:
$config['smtp_conn_options'] = array(
'ssl' => array(
'verify_peer' => false,
'verify_peer_name' => false,
),
);
$config['imap_conn_options'] = array(
'ssl' => array(
'verify_peer' => false,
'verify_peer_name' => false,
),
);
Another solution according to ArchWiki is to copy myCA.pem
to /etc/ssl/certs/
and add the following lines to /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/config.inc.php
// For STARTTLS IMAP
$config['imap_conn_options'] = array(
'ssl' => array(
'verify_peer' => true,
// certificate is not self-signed if cafile provided
'allow_self_signed' => false,
'cafile' => '/etc/ssl/certs/myCA.pem',
// For Letsencrypt use the following two lines and remove the 'cafile' option above.
//'ssl_cert' => '/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my_domain.org/fullchain.pem',
//'ssl_key' => '/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my_domain.org/privkey.pem',
// probably optional parameters
'ciphers' => 'TLSv1+HIGH:!aNull:@STRENGTH',
'peer_name' => 'localhost',
),
);
// For STARTTLS SMTP
$config['smtp_conn_options'] = array(
'ssl' => array(
'verify_peer' => true,
// certificate is not self-signed if cafile provided
'allow_self_signed' => false,
'cafile' => '/etc/ssl/certs/myCA.pem',
// For Letsencrypt use the following two lines and remove the 'cafile' option above.
//'ssl_cert' => '/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my_domain.org/fullchain.pem',
//'ssl_key' => '/etc/letsencrypt/live/mail.my_domain.org/privkey.pem',
// probably optional parameters
'ciphers' => 'TLSv1+HIGH:!aNull:@STRENGTH',
'peer_name' => 'localhost',
),
);
Finally, after finishing configuration, add $config['enable_installer'] = false;
to /etc/webapps/roundcubemail/config/config.inc.php
, and add these lines to /etc/httpd/conf/extra/roundcube.conf
.
<Directory /usr/share/webapps/roundcubemail/config>
Options -FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
</Directory>
Another error I got when sending an email to my gmail address is something like
postfix/smtp[193578]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[142.251.8.27]:25: Connection timed out
postfix/smtp[193578]: connect to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com[2404:6800:4008:c15::1a]:25: Network is unreachable
This may be because my ISP blocks my external access to port 25. I verified it by running telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25
and got some output like
Trying 74.125.204.27...
Connection failed: Connection timed out
Trying 2404:6800:4008:c15::1a...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Network is unreachable
Gitweb is the default web-based visualizer that comes with Git.
To have a quick look, you can sudo pacman -S lighttpd
and run git instaweb --httpd=lighttpd
in your project directory and refer to http://127.0.0.1:1234.
(The command will directly open Firefox with that address.)
To stop, run git instaweb --stop
.
To use Google Chrome as the default browser for git
, run:
git config --global web.browser chrome
git config --global browser."chrome".path "/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable"
To make Gitweb work with Apache, I use the following configurations. First, run
sudo pacman -S --noconfirm --needed git perl-cgi
Then, create /etc/httpd/conf/extra/gitweb.conf
with the following contents
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
Alias /gitweb "/usr/share/gitweb"
<Directory "/usr/share/gitweb">
DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
Options ExecCGI
Require all granted
<Files gitweb.cgi>
SetHandler cgi-script
</Files>
SetEnv GITWEB_CONFIG /etc/gitweb.conf
</Directory>
and then add Include conf/extra/gitweb.conf
to /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
.
I want to have all my projects in one directory /srv/git
, which can be done by editting/creating /etc/gitweb.conf
with
# The directories where your projects are. Must not end with a slash.
our $projectroot = "/srv/git";
Now, I can simple create symbolic links to my projects saved at $HOME
directory, for example
sudo ln -s $HOME/hoanganhduc.github.io /srv/git/hoanganhduc.github.io
Some other configurations with /etc/gitweb.conf
are:
$feature{'blame'}{'default'} = [1];
.$feature{'highlight'}{'default'} = [1];
.$feature{'remote_heads'}{'default'} = [1];
.Finally, go to http://localhost/gitweb to see your projects.
vsftpd
I follow the instruction from ArchWiki. Another good resource is this guide. To install, run
sudo pacman -S vsftpd
sudo systemctl enable vsftpd
Next, add the following lines to /etc/hosts.allow
# Allow all connections
vsftpd: ALL
# IP address range
vsftpd: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0
Then, edit /etc/vsftpd.conf
to enable/disable certain options.
My vsftpd.conf
looks like this
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
# Directory to be used for an anonymous login
anon_root=public
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
listen_port=21
passv_min_port=5000
passv_max_port=5003
# Set own PAM service name to detect authentication settings specified
# for vsftpd by the system package.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
ssl_enable=YES
# if you accept anonymous connections, you may want to enable this setting
allow_anon_ssl=NO
# by default all non anonymous logins and forced to use SSL to send and receive password and data, set to NO to allow non secure connections
force_local_logins_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=NO
# provide the path of your certificate and of your private key
# note that both can be contained in the same file or in different files
rsa_cert_file=/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.crt
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/httpd/conf/localhost.key
# this setting is set to YES by default and requires all data connections exhibit session reuse which proves they know the secret of the control channel.
# this is more secure but is not supported by many FTP clients, set to NO for better compatibility
require_ssl_reuse=NO
seccomp_sandbox=NO
The last line seccomp_sandbox=NO
is to avoid the following error message when using FileZilla.
Error: GnuTLS error -15 in gnutls_record_recv: An unexpected TLS packet was received.
Error: Could not read from socket: ECONNABORTED - Connection aborted
Error: Disconnected from server
Note that localhost.crt
and localhost.key
come from the instruction in a previous section of this post regarding using TLS in Apache server.
And since I allow local user login, I also need sudo usermod -aG ftp $USER
to allow myself to use FTP service.
In order to have both FTP and FTPS simultaneously, I create an extra configuration file /etc/vsftpd_ssl.conf
with the above contents, and the file /etc/vsftpd.conf
with almost the same content, except the part starting from ssl_enable=YES
, and the listen_port=990
.
(Port 21 is considered the default control connection port for FTP connections.
Port 990 is the accepted default control connection port for FTPS (implicit port).
Actually, you can change them to whatever ports you like.
See this page for more details on other wel-known ports and their corresponding system processes.)
Next, create /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd_ssl.service
with the following content
[Unit]
Description=vsftpd daemon with SSL/TLS
After=network.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd_ssl.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
and sudo systemctl enable vsftpd_ssl && sudo systemctl start vsftpd_ssl
.
After installing Apache and other stuff, you can turn your PC into a webserver.
sudo systemctl start httpd
and sudo ufw allow http
.dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com
.yay -S noip
, and run noip2 -C -Y -c ~/.config/no-ip2.conf
to create the configuration file ~/.config/no-ip2.conf
(you will need your No-IP account’s username and password). After finishing configuration, simply run noip2 -c ~/.config/no-ip2.conf
to run the software.oh-my-zsh
does not apply themesYou may try to remove the grml-zsh-config
package, as described here.
I want to mount my NTFS USB drive with default Linux file permissions (i.e., 644
for files, and 755
for folders) every time I plug it in. A simple way to do it is to add the following lines to /etc/udisks2/mount_options.conf
and then sudo systemctl restart udisks2
.
[defaults]
ntfs_defaults=uid=$UID,gid=$GID,umask=0022,fmask=0133,windows_names
Install xclip and run
xclip -sel clip < file.txt
to copy the contents of file.txt
to clipboard. See this page for some other things you can do with xclip
.
I created a simple IRC server with biltbee.
Basically, I have to yay -S bitlbee
, then edit /etc/bitlbee/bitlbee.conf
as instructed in the wiki, and finally sudo systemctl start bitlbee
and maybe also sudo systemctl enable bitlbee
. My bitlbee.conf
file may look pretty much like
[settings]
RunMode = ForkDaemon
User = bitlbee
DaemonInterface = 0.0.0.0
DaemonPort = 6667
You can replace <your-password>
by any password you like.
For an IRC client software, I use irssi (another option might be hexchat).
If you are not familiar with IRC, some basic IRC commands will probably be helpful.
It is also possible to setup bitlbee with Facebook using the bitlbee-facebook package (maybe this blog post has some useful information), and the “self_messages” setting seems to be interesting.
It is also useful to look at some bitlbee commands.
What I did for setting bitlbee-facebook
may look something like
(Please ignore the part starting from the hashtag #
sign, they are just my comments.
Additionally, after the first line, the command prompt starts after [...]
.)
Make sure that your Facebook does not use two-factor authentication.
irssi # start `irssi`
[(status)] /connect localhost
[(status)] /join &facebook # `creating &facebook channel`
[&facebook] account add facebook <your-fb-email> <your-fb-password>
[&facebook] account facebook on
[&facebook] account facebook set nick_source full_name
[&facebook] account facebook set nick_format %-@full_name
[&facebook] channel facebook set fill_by account
[&facebook] channel facebook set account facebook
[&facebook] register <your-password> # your secret password used to save and load account settings
[&facebook] save # next time, to load account settings, run `identify <your-password>`
Comparing timestamps of two files. (Originally from this page.)
A simple way (comparing up to seconds) is
[ file1 -nt file2 ] && echo "file1 is newer than file2"
To be more precise (comparing up to nanoseconds),
file1time=$(ls --time-style=+%s%N -l file1 | awk "{print(\$6)}")
file2time=$(ls --time-style=+%s%N -l file2 | awk "{print(\$6)}")
[ $file1time -gt $file2time ] && echo "file1 is newer than file2"
Copy the timestamp of src.file
to dst.file
. (Originally from this page.)
You will need coreutils.
touch -d @$(stat -c "%Y" "src_file") "dst.file"
Save and restore files’ created/modified timestamps. (Originally from this page.)
You will need perl.
# Save
find / -mount -print0 | perl -ne 'INIT{ $/ = "\0"; use File::stat;} chomp; my $s = stat($_); next unless $s; print $s->ctime . "/" . $s->mtime . "/" . $s->atime ."/$_\0"; ' > dates.dat
# Restore
cat dates.dat | perl -ne 'INIT{ $/ = "\0";} chomp; m!^([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)/([0-9]+)/(.*)!s or next; my ($ct, $mt, $at, $f) = ($1, $2, $3, $4); utime $at, $mt, $f;'
See this guide for more details.
Clean package cache.
The script paccache
is useful for cleaning cached packages saved at /var/cache/pacman/pkg/
.
To install, run
sudo pacman -S pacman-contrib
and use paccache -h
to see available options.
To clean all cached packages that are not currently installed, run sudo pacman -Sc
.
To clean all cached packages, run sudo pacman -Scc
.
The command yay -Scc
also does that along with removing all cached AUR packages installed using yay
.
Remove orphan packages that are not used by any program.
To list all unused packages, run sudo pacman -Qtdq
. To remove all of them, run sudo pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq)
.
Clean $HOME/.cache
.
To check the size of the folder, run du -sh $HOME/.cache/
. To delete the folder, simply run rm -rf $HOME/.cache
.
Clean duplicates, empty files/folders, broken links.
Use rmlint. Run rmlint $HOME
will check your home directory for duplicated files and creates a shell script rmlint.sh
to remove them.
Clean systemd journal stored at /var/log/journal
.
You can keep only the latest logs by size limit (e.g. keep only 50MB of the latest logs):
sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=50M
Or by time limit (e.g. last 4 weeks):
sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=4weeks
Save partitions /dev/sdc1
, /dev/sdc2
, /dev/sdc3
, and /dev/sdc4
to image 2020-10-25-03-img
.
/usr/bin/ocs-sr -q2 -c -j2 -z1p -i 4096 -sfsck -senc -p choose saveparts 2020-10-25-03-img sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4
Restore sdb4
from image 2020-10-25-03-img
to partition /dev/sda4
on disk
/usr/bin/ocs-sr -e1 auto -e2 -t -r -j2 -c -k -p choose -f sdb4 restoreparts 2020-10-25-03-img sda4
Remeber to mount the directory containing 2020-10-25-03-img
as /home/partimag
before running this command.
Clone /dev/sdb4
to /dev/sda4
.
/usr/bin/ocs-onthefly -e1 auto -e2 -r -j2 -sfsck -k -pa choose -f sdb4 -t sda4
This is a quite useful tip when booting from Live Arch system to test your installation. Let say you want to use 1GB from your RAM as space for the root partition:
mount -o remount,size=1G /run/archiso/cowspace
Using df -h
to confirm that the size of airootfs
mounted on /
is now 1.0G
.
Back in 2014, I used Mondo Rescue as an option for backing up and restoring my Ubuntu system.
Even though I am now using Clonezilla, I still want to have Mondo Rescue on my Arch Linux system.
So I went ahead and installed mondo with yay -S --noconfirm --needed mondo
.
Unfortunately, as I am using gcc 10.2.0
, the compilation failed:
/usr/bin/ld: ../../src/common/libmondo.a(libmondo-tools.o):(.bss+0x210): multiple definition of `g_mondo_home'; mondorestore.o:(.bss+0x0): first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[3]: *** [Makefile:422: mondorestore] Error 1
I found a similar bug report but cannot understand what the solution is.
I decided to use an older version of gcc
and try to compile again.
Downgrading gcc
is not an option, as it would break the dependencies of some other packages I need.
I follow this instruction to temporarily change the default version of gcc
and then I can install mondo
successfully.
yay -S --needed --noconfirm gcc9 gcc9-libs
sudo ln -s $(which gcc-9) /usr/local/bin/gcc
hash -r
yay -S --needed --noconfirm mondo
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/gcc
zip -u
in Makefile
When using zip with -u
option in a Makefile
, e.g., zip -u archive.zip *.pdf
, it may happen that nothing changes and therefore archive.zip
will not be updated.
In this case, zip
returns exit code 12
, meaning “zip
has nothing to do”.
make
may produce something like make: *** [Makefile:8: all] Error 12
.
To avoid such error, you can possibly do:
zip -u archive.zip *.pdf || if [[ $$? -eq 12 ]]; then echo "Nothing changes!"; exit 0; fi
In a Linux terminal, you can use echo $?
to get the exit code of a command.
The output 0
means the command is executed successfully.
In a Makefile
, to get the exit code, we need an extra $
.
Let say I want to know which package holds latexmk
, what I did is to run pacman -Qo latexmk
, and the result was something like /usr/bin/latexmk is owned by texlive-core 2020.55416-1
. Another way would be using the pkgfike package, which can be installed by sudo pacman -S --noconfirm --needed pkgfile && sudo pkgfile --update
.
git
Create empty branch (see here).
git checkout --orphan empty-branch
git rm -rf .
git commit --allow-empty -m "root commit"
git push origin empty-branch
Save login credentials
git config --global credential.helper store
Remove --global
option if you only want to enable saving credentials for your repository.
You only need to enter the credentials the first time you push/pull from the remote repository, and then they with be stored in ~/.git-credentials
.
I need RIS format to import references to Zotero.
(Importing with BibTeX always convert math symbols between $...$
into HTML markups, which is not very nice.)
I use bibutils (installed by yay -S bibutils
) as follows:
bib2xml file.bib > file.xml
xml2ris file.xnl > file.ris
Install the apindex package with yay
. See this page for more details on how to use this program.
Several settings can be found here. Here are some of my settings.
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 1.2
./usr/share/applications/Zoom.desktop
by replacing Exec=/usr/bin/zoom %U
by Exec=env QT_AUTO_SCREEN_SCALE_FACTOR=1 /usr/bin/zoom %U
. Similar tricks can be done with other Qt5 apps (such as Insync).GRUB_GFXMODE=1024x768x32,auto
to /etc/default/grub
.terminus-font
package. After installing this font, add fbcon=font:TER16x32
to your bootloader entry configuration file, which, in my case, is located at /boot/efi/loader/entries/arch.conf
. More precisely, my arch.conf
will look like:
title Arch Linux
linux /vmlinuz-linux
initrd /initramfs-linux.img
options cryptdevice=PARTUUID=<my-root-partition-partuuid>:luks_root root=/dev/mapper/luks_root rw fbcon=font:TER16x32
/etc/vconsole.conf
by adding
FONT=ter-p24n # other options are ter-p28n, ter-p32n
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface scaling-factor 2
(which is too big). Then, I use xrandr
to scaling down: first, use xrandr --listmonitors
to identify my monitor, which is eDP-1
, then use xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale 1.25x1.25
to zoom out 1.25 times. If the UI is too big, increase the scale factor; otherwise, decrease it. To do this automatically every time you login, put /usr/bin/xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale 1.25x1.25
to the ~/.xprofile
file and chmod +x .xprofile
. Another option may be using Wayland instead of Xorg.modemmanager
, mobile-broadband-provider-info
, usbutils
, usb_modeswitch
, as instructed here. You can also install modem-manager-gui
using yay
.Enable and start ModemManager
service
sudo systemctl enable ModemManager
sudo systemctl start ModemManager
ModemManager
to detect the USB modem.wwan
with nmcli radio wwan on
.vnstat
package can be installed to monitor network traffic.You will need HP Linux Imaging and Printing.
yay -S hplip hplip-plugin
You will need kyocera-cups or kyocera_universal.
As described here, you will need xerox-docucentre-driver.
Guake terminal has some trouble with GNOME Wayland. To fix it, simply add a keyboard shortcut (e.g., F12) for the command guake-toggle
, and set the value of apps/guake/keybindings/global/show-hide
in dconf-editor
as disabled
.
texstudio
and either adwaita-qt
or adwaita-qt6
(depending which Qt version (5 or 6) used by texstudio
) packages.Options > Config TeXstudio...
, in the Appearance
section of the General
tab, select the theme Adwaita-Dark
, then click OK
and exit.$HOME/.config/texstudio/texstudio.ini
by adding the following lines to configure Solarized-Dark highlighting scheme (taken from here):
[formatsDark]
version=1.0
data\normal\priority=-1
data\normal\bold=false
data\normal\italic=false
data\normal\overline=false
data\normal\underline=false
data\normal\strikeout=false
data\normal\waveUnderline=false
data\normal\foreground=#839496
data\normal\fontFamily=
data\normal\pointSize=0
data\normal\wrapAround=false
data\background\priority=-1
data\background\bold=false
data\background\italic=false
data\background\overline=false
data\background\underline=false
data\background\strikeout=false
data\background\waveUnderline=false
data\background\background=#002b36
data\background\fontFamily=
data\background\pointSize=0
data\background\wrapAround=false
data\commentTodo\priority=-1
data\commentTodo\bold=false
data\commentTodo\italic=false
data\commentTodo\overline=false
data\commentTodo\underline=false
data\commentTodo\strikeout=false
data\commentTodo\waveUnderline=false
data\commentTodo\background=#073642
data\commentTodo\fontFamily=
data\commentTodo\pointSize=0
data\commentTodo\wrapAround=false
data\comment\priority=-1
data\comment\bold=false
data\comment\italic=false
data\comment\overline=false
data\comment\underline=false
data\comment\strikeout=false
data\comment\waveUnderline=false
data\comment\foreground=#6c71c4
data\comment\fontFamily=
data\comment\pointSize=0
data\comment\wrapAround=false
data\keyword\priority=-1
data\keyword\bold=false
data\keyword\italic=false
data\keyword\overline=false
data\keyword\underline=false
data\keyword\strikeout=false
data\keyword\waveUnderline=false
data\keyword\foreground=#2aa198
data\keyword\fontFamily=
data\keyword\pointSize=0
data\keyword\wrapAround=false
data\extra-keyword\priority=-1
data\extra-keyword\bold=false
data\extra-keyword\italic=false
data\extra-keyword\overline=false
data\extra-keyword\underline=false
data\extra-keyword\strikeout=false
data\extra-keyword\waveUnderline=false
data\extra-keyword\foreground=#268bd2
data\extra-keyword\fontFamily=
data\extra-keyword\pointSize=0
data\extra-keyword\wrapAround=false
data\math-keyword\priority=-1
data\math-keyword\bold=false
data\math-keyword\italic=false
data\math-keyword\overline=false
data\math-keyword\underline=false
data\math-keyword\strikeout=false
data\math-keyword\waveUnderline=false
data\math-keyword\foreground=#859900
data\math-keyword\fontFamily=
data\math-keyword\pointSize=0
data\math-keyword\wrapAround=false
data\link\priority=-1
data\link\bold=false
data\link\italic=false
data\link\overline=false
data\link\underline=true
data\link\strikeout=false
data\link\waveUnderline=false
data\link\foreground=#6c71c4
data\link\fontFamily=
data\link\pointSize=0
data\link\wrapAround=false
data\align-ampersand\priority=-1
data\align-ampersand\bold=true
data\align-ampersand\italic=false
data\align-ampersand\overline=false
data\align-ampersand\underline=false
data\align-ampersand\strikeout=false
data\align-ampersand\waveUnderline=false
data\align-ampersand\foreground=#dc322f
data\align-ampersand\fontFamily=
data\align-ampersand\pointSize=0
data\align-ampersand\wrapAround=false
data\verbatim\priority=-1
data\verbatim\bold=false
data\verbatim\italic=false
data\verbatim\overline=false
data\verbatim\underline=false
data\verbatim\strikeout=false
data\verbatim\waveUnderline=false
data\verbatim\foreground=#b58900
data\verbatim\fontFamily=
data\verbatim\pointSize=0
data\verbatim\wrapAround=false
data\picture\priority=-1
data\picture\bold=false
data\picture\italic=false
data\picture\overline=false
data\picture\underline=false
data\picture\strikeout=false
data\picture\waveUnderline=false
data\picture\foreground=#859900
data\picture\fontFamily=
data\picture\pointSize=0
data\picture\wrapAround=false
data\braceMatch\priority=-1
data\braceMatch\bold=true
data\braceMatch\italic=false
data\braceMatch\overline=false
data\braceMatch\underline=false
data\braceMatch\strikeout=false
data\braceMatch\waveUnderline=false
data\braceMatch\foreground=#dc322f
data\braceMatch\background=#073642
data\braceMatch\fontFamily=
data\braceMatch\pointSize=0
data\braceMatch\wrapAround=false
data\braceMismatch\priority=-1
data\braceMismatch\bold=true
data\braceMismatch\italic=false
data\braceMismatch\overline=false
data\braceMismatch\underline=false
data\braceMismatch\strikeout=false
data\braceMismatch\waveUnderline=false
data\braceMismatch\foreground=#073642
data\braceMismatch\background=#dc322f
data\braceMismatch\fontFamily=
data\braceMismatch\pointSize=0
data\braceMismatch\wrapAround=false
data\search\priority=-1
data\search\bold=false
data\search\italic=false
data\search\overline=false
data\search\underline=false
data\search\strikeout=false
data\search\waveUnderline=false
data\search\foreground=#073642
data\search\background=#eee8d5
data\search\fontFamily=
data\search\pointSize=0
data\search\wrapAround=false
data\numbers\priority=-1
data\numbers\bold=false
data\numbers\italic=false
data\numbers\overline=false
data\numbers\underline=false
data\numbers\strikeout=false
data\numbers\waveUnderline=false
data\numbers\foreground=#2aa198
data\numbers\fontFamily=
data\numbers\pointSize=0
data\numbers\wrapAround=false
data\math-delimiter\priority=-1
data\math-delimiter\bold=false
data\math-delimiter\italic=false
data\math-delimiter\overline=false
data\math-delimiter\underline=false
data\math-delimiter\strikeout=false
data\math-delimiter\waveUnderline=false
data\math-delimiter\foreground=#dc322f
data\math-delimiter\fontFamily=
data\math-delimiter\pointSize=0
data\math-delimiter\wrapAround=false
data\text\priority=-1
data\text\bold=false
data\text\italic=false
data\text\overline=false
data\text\underline=false
data\text\strikeout=false
data\text\waveUnderline=false
data\text\foreground=#dc322f
data\text\fontFamily=
data\text\pointSize=0
data\text\wrapAround=false
data\escapeseq\priority=-1
data\escapeseq\bold=false
data\escapeseq\italic=false
data\escapeseq\overline=false
data\escapeseq\underline=false
data\escapeseq\strikeout=false
data\escapeseq\waveUnderline=false
data\escapeseq\foreground=#d33682
data\escapeseq\fontFamily=
data\escapeseq\pointSize=0
data\escapeseq\wrapAround=false
data\spellingMistake\priority=-1
data\spellingMistake\bold=false
data\spellingMistake\italic=false
data\spellingMistake\overline=false
data\spellingMistake\underline=false
data\spellingMistake\strikeout=false
data\spellingMistake\waveUnderline=true
data\spellingMistake\linescolor=#dc322f
data\spellingMistake\fontFamily=
data\spellingMistake\pointSize=0
data\spellingMistake\wrapAround=false
data\wordRepetition\priority=-1
data\wordRepetition\bold=false
data\wordRepetition\italic=false
data\wordRepetition\overline=false
data\wordRepetition\underline=false
data\wordRepetition\strikeout=false
data\wordRepetition\waveUnderline=true
data\wordRepetition\linescolor=#859900
data\wordRepetition\fontFamily=
data\wordRepetition\pointSize=0
data\wordRepetition\wrapAround=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\priority=-1
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\bold=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\italic=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\overline=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\underline=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\strikeout=false
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\waveUnderline=true
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\linescolor=#b58900
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\fontFamily=
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\pointSize=0
data\wordRepetitionLongRange\wrapAround=false
data\badWord\priority=-1
data\badWord\bold=false
data\badWord\italic=false
data\badWord\overline=false
data\badWord\underline=false
data\badWord\strikeout=true
data\badWord\waveUnderline=false
data\badWord\linescolor=#d33682
data\badWord\fontFamily=
data\badWord\pointSize=0
data\badWord\wrapAround=false
data\grammarMistake\priority=-1
data\grammarMistake\bold=false
data\grammarMistake\italic=false
data\grammarMistake\overline=false
data\grammarMistake\underline=false
data\grammarMistake\strikeout=false
data\grammarMistake\waveUnderline=true
data\grammarMistake\linescolor=#6c71c4
data\grammarMistake\fontFamily=
data\grammarMistake\pointSize=0
data\grammarMistake\wrapAround=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\priority=-1
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\bold=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\italic=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\overline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\underline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\strikeout=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\waveUnderline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\background=#2aa198
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\fontFamily=
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\pointSize=0
data\grammarMistakeSpecial1\wrapAround=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\priority=-1
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\bold=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\italic=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\overline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\underline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\strikeout=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\waveUnderline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\background=#268bd2
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\fontFamily=
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\pointSize=0
data\grammarMistakeSpecial2\wrapAround=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\priority=-1
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\bold=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\italic=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\overline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\underline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\strikeout=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\waveUnderline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\background=#859900
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\fontFamily=
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\pointSize=0
data\grammarMistakeSpecial3\wrapAround=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\priority=-1
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\bold=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\italic=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\overline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\underline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\strikeout=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\waveUnderline=false
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\background=#eee8d5
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\fontFamily=
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\pointSize=0
data\grammarMistakeSpecial4\wrapAround=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\priority=-1
data\latexSyntaxMistake\bold=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\italic=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\overline=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\underline=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\strikeout=false
data\latexSyntaxMistake\waveUnderline=true
data\latexSyntaxMistake\background=#073642
data\latexSyntaxMistake\linescolor=#dc322f
data\latexSyntaxMistake\fontFamily=
data\latexSyntaxMistake\pointSize=0
data\latexSyntaxMistake\wrapAround=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\priority=-1
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\bold=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\italic=true
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\overline=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\underline=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\strikeout=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\waveUnderline=false
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\foreground=#268bd2
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\fontFamily=
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\pointSize=0
data\temporaryCodeCompletion\wrapAround=false
data\environment\priority=-1
data\environment\bold=false
data\environment\italic=true
data\environment\overline=false
data\environment\underline=false
data\environment\strikeout=false
data\environment\waveUnderline=false
data\environment\foreground=#cb4b16
data\environment\fontFamily=
data\environment\pointSize=0
data\environment\wrapAround=false
data\referencePresent\priority=-1
data\referencePresent\bold=false
data\referencePresent\italic=false
data\referencePresent\overline=false
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command > /dev/null 2>&1
For example, see this page.
I have some files in different folders which all contain the same string, say xxyyzz
, in their filenames. I want to remove all such strings in their filenames. Here is how I did it:
find ./ -name "*xxyyzz*" | while read file; do mv $file "${file/xxyyzz/}"; done
Edit $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs
. In my case, the content of this file is as follows.
XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/Desktop"
XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/Downloads"
XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/Templates"
XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/Public"
XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/Documents"
XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/Music"
XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/Pictures"
XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"
power-profiles-daemon
package conflicts with TLPI want to use TLP. To avoid confliction, sudo systemctl mask power-profiles-daemon
.
Mailnag is a daemon program that checks POP3 and IMAP servers for new mail.
yay -S mailnag mailnag-gnome-shell
If you are using GNOME 41 and the mail indicator of mailnag-gnome-shell
does not show up in the top panel, just edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/mailnag@pulb.github.com/metadata.json
and add 41 to the list, as described here.
...
"shell-version": ["40", "41"],
...
nano
text editorCreate a $HOME/.nanorc
file with the following content. More configurations can be found here. You can also directly edit /etc/nanorc
to make your configuration apply for all users.
include /usr/share/nano/*.nanorc
set linenumbers
set mouse
set tabsize 4
set softwrap
set autoindent
set regexp
See this page for more details on how to use Pop Shell. From its GitHub page:
Pop Shell is a keyboard-driven layer for GNOME Shell which allows for quick and sensible navigation and management of windows. The core feature of Pop Shell is the addition of advanced tiling window management---a feature that has been highly sought within our community. For many---ourselves included---i3wm has become the leading competitor to the GNOME desktop.
In Arch Linux, you can install it by running
yay -S gnome-shell-extension-pop-shell
yay -S gnome-shell-extension-pop-shell-bin
yay -S gnome-shell-extension-pop-shell-git
For more details, see this guide.
Using a swap file requires also setting the resume=swap_device
and additionally a resume_offset=swap_file_offset
kernel parameters. swap_device
is the volume where the swap file resides and it follows the same format as for the root parameter. The value of swap_file_offset
can be obtained by running filefrag -v swap_file
, the output is in a table format and the required value is located in the first row of the physical_offset
column. For example, if the output of filefrag -v swap_file
is:
Filesystem type is: ef53
File size of /swapfile is 4294967296 (1048576 blocks of 4096 bytes)
ext: logical_offset: physical_offset: length: expected: flags:
0: 0.. 0: 38912.. 38912: 1:
1: 1.. 22527: 38913.. 61439: 22527: unwritten
2: 22528.. 53247: 899072.. 929791: 30720: 61440: unwritten
...
the value of swap_file_offset
is 38912
. Another way to obtain swap_file_offset
is to install uswsusp
and run swap-offset swapfile
.
Next, we need to configure the initramfs.
When an initramfs with the base
hook is used, which is the default, the resume
hook is required in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
. Whether by label or by UUID, the swap partition is referred to with a udev device node, so the resume
hook must go after the udev
hook. This example was made starting from the default hook configuration:
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect keyboard modconf block filesystems resume fsck)
Remember to regenerate the initramfs for these changes to take effect. To test if hibernation works, run systemctl hibernate
.
We use the bbb-render
tool this page, which requires the intervaltree
and PyGObject
python libraries and optionally the pitivi package.
The BigBlueButton web conferencing system provides the ability to record meetings. Rather than producing a single video file though, it produces multiple assets (webcam footage, screenshare footage, slides, scribbles, chat, etc) and relies on a web player to assemble them. This project provides some scripts to download the assets for a recorded presentation, and assemble them into a single video suitable for archive or upload to other video hosting sites.
We use the same idea described in this page. In Arch Linux, Vivaldi’s history is stored at $HOME/.config/vivaldi/Default/
, and just simply copy History
and History-journal
to the folder $HOME/.config/google-chrome/Default
where Google Chrome’s history is stored. Since Vivaldi and Chrome are all Chromium-based browsers, their histories are pretty much interchangeable. Then, if you want to import the history to Firefox, you can now import it from Google Chrome instead of Vivaldi.
Qutebrowser is a keyboard-focused browser with a minimal GUI. It is based on Python and PyQt5 and is inspired by the Vim text editor. Here are some basic commands and settings to get started with Qutebrowser:
To install Qutebrowser on Arch Linux, use the following command:
yay -S qutebrowser
Qutebrowser can be configured using a Python configuration file. The default configuration file is located at ~/.config/qutebrowser/config.py
. Here is an example configuration:
config.load_autoconfig()
# Set the start page
c.url.start_pages = ["https://www.example.com"]
# Set the default search engine
c.url.searchengines = {"DEFAULT": "https://www.google.com/search?q={}"}
# Enable dark mode
c.colors.webpage.darkmode.enabled = True
# Set the default zoom level
c.zoom.default = "125%"
# Keybindings
config.bind('J', 'tab-next')
config.bind('K', 'tab-prev')
# Set the default PDF reader to pdfjs
c.content.pdfjs = True
For more information, visit the Qutebrowser documentation and the GitHub repository.
yay -S lastpass-cli python-tldextract
lpass login
~/.config/qutebrowser/config.py
by adding the following lines:
config.bind(',p', 'spawn --userscript qute-lastpass --dmenu-invocation dmenu')
config.bind(',P', 'spawn --userscript qute-lastpass --dmenu-invocation dmenu --password-only')
After that, you can press , + p to fill username and password and , + Shift + p to fill password only.
/opt
and rename the extracted directory to z-library
.ln -s /opt/z-library/z-library /usr/bin/z-library
.z-library.png
, and put it to /usr/share/icons
./usr/share/applications/z-library.desktop
.
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Z-Library
GenericName=Library
Comment=Sharing scholarly journal articles, academic texts, books
TryExec=z-library
Exec=z-library
Icon=z-library
Categories=Office;
X-GNOME-UsesNotifications=true